9
1945-FEB-23 · Glade Mountain, near Rural Retreat, Virginia

American Airlines — Flight 9

American Airlines Flight 9, a Douglas DC-3, crashed into the wooded summit of Glade Mountain while en route from Washington to Nashville, the next scheduled stop on its transcontinental service from New York to Los Angeles. The aircraft was flying in instrument conditions through rain, clouds, and turbulence when it impacted terrain at approximately 3,910 feet above sea level. The investigation determined that the pilot failed to maintain a safe instrument altitude for the mountainous terrain along the airway. The crash killed 17 of the 22 people on board, including both pilots. Five survivors, including the flight attendant and four passengers, were rescued nearly 14 hours after the impact after enduring freezing conditions on the mountainside.

Aircraft
Douglas DC-3-277
Registration
NC18142
Phase
Cause
Souls on Board
22
Fatalities
17
Origin → Dest
New York City, NY → Los Angeles, CA
Report

Investigation Summary

Flight 9 was a multi-stop transcontinental service originating in New York City. After the first leg of the journey, the aircraft arrived at Washington National Airport. Following this scheduled stopover, the flight departed Washington at 00:11 EWT, proceeding toward its next scheduled stop in Nashville. At 02:05, the crew reported being over Pulaski, Virginia, at 4,000 feet. Shortly thereafter, the aircraft encountered deteriorating weather, including rain, clouds, and significant turbulence, requiring flight in instrument conditions. Despite the mountainous nature of the region, the aircraft was flying at an altitude that provided insufficient clearance from the peaks. The DC-3 struck trees on Glade Mountain in level flight at cruising power, approximately 1.5 miles left of the airway center. The wreckage was not located until 12:40 the following afternoon. Survivors endured harsh conditions as freezing rain began falling soon after the impact. One survivor, Marine Second Lieutenant Irving Schwartz, played a critical role in the survival of others by dragging a fellow passenger to shelter and retrieving coats and carpet from the wreckage to protect against the elements.

Final Conclusions

The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) released its final report on February 1, 1946. The board determined the probable cause was the pilot's failure to properly plan the flight and remain at a safe instrument altitude under existing conditions of bad weather. Additionally, the board cited the company's laxity in dispatching and supervising the flight as a contributing factor. The investigation confirmed that radio facilities were functioning normally and the aircraft was at cruising power at the time of impact, indicating the crew was unaware of their proximity to the terrain.

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Airframe & Maintenance

Airframe Hours
17,296

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

The flight was operating under IFR due to rain and clouds, requiring the pilot to maintain specific minimum altitudes to clear terrain.

i

Wright R-1820-G102 Engines

The aircraft was powered by two Wright radial engines, which were determined to be operating at cruising power at the moment of impact.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was a Douglas DC-3 manufactured in May 1939 with Manufacturer Serial Number (MSN) 2138.
  • 02The crash site was located at an elevation of 3,910 feet above sea level.
  • 03The wreckage was strewn over a path of 450 feet through dense woods.
  • 04Five people survived the initial impact and the subsequent night in freezing weather.
  • 05The flight attendant, Sarah Padgett, survived despite a fractured skull and other severe injuries.

Safety Actions & Advisories

Supervisory Oversight

The CAB highlighted the need for improved company supervision and dispatching procedures to ensure flights are planned with adequate terrain clearance margins.

Location

Glade Mountain, near Rural Retreat, Virginia · 36.8933, -81.2761

Case File History

  1. CorrectionUpdated investigation summary.
  2. New evidenceUpdated findings and investigation summary.

Related Cases

Case ID · aa9-1945Last updated · Filed

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