Aviation Accident Summary Archive

Air India Flight 403 crashed during a heavy monsoon rainstorm at Sahar International Airport after the pilot deliberately reduced engine power 12 seconds before impact due to altitude unawareness. The aircraft, a Boeing 707 named Gauri Shankar, suffered a high rate of descent and touched down heavily 1,300 feet short of the runway threshold. The captain attempted a go-around after the initial impact, but the damaged aircraft failed to maintain flight, stalled, and broke apart near the end of the runway.

Pilot Error

A TABA Fairchild FH-227B crashed during a morning approach to Tabatinga International Airport in heavy fog and poor visibility. The aircraft, which was short on fuel, attempted a visual approach despite a general electrical failure at the airport that had disabled all runway and approach lights. The crew's decision to attempt the landing under these conditions, rather than diverting to the nearby Leticia Airport, was driven by the critical fuel state and regional weather. During the descent, the aircraft collided with a pole and crashed into a parking lot near the airport. All 44 passengers and crew on board were killed in the impact and subsequent fire.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

VASP Flight 168 crashed into the Aratanha Mountains during its approach to Fortaleza after the captain ignored altitude clearances and terrain warnings. Despite being cleared only to 5,000 feet, the aircraft continued its descent in darkness until it struck a wooded mountainside at 2,500 feet. All 137 people on board were killed, making it the deadliest aviation accident in Brazil at the time.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

During the Falklands War, a British Army Westland Gazelle helicopter was shot down by a Sea Dart missile fired from the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Cardiff in a friendly fire incident. The ship's crew mistakenly identified the helicopter as an Argentine C-130 Hercules transport aircraft while it was performing a routine mission to deliver personnel and equipment to a radio station. The incident resulted in the deaths of all four soldiers on board and was initially attributed to enemy action before a formal board of inquiry in 1986 confirmed the blue-on-blue engagement.

Human Factors (Operational)

A Royal Air Force SEPECAT Jaguar GR1 was accidentally shot down by an RAF McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR2 during a training exercise over West Germany. The Phantom crew, scrambled for a simulated intercept, mistakenly launched a live AIM-9G Sidewinder missile instead of a training round. The Jaguar's tail section was destroyed, forcing the pilot to eject. The investigation revealed that the Phantom had been assigned to the exercise while still in a Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) configuration, carrying live ammunition that the crew failed to render safe or account for during the engagement.

Human Factors (Operational) · Multi-aircraft

Aeropesca Colombia Flight RS217, a Vickers Viscount 745D, crashed into a mountain at an altitude of 7,700 feet near Quetame while approaching Bogota in stormy weather. The aircraft had departed Villavicencio for a short domestic flight to the capital. All 21 people on board, including 6 crew members, were killed in the impact. The wreckage was located in a mountainous region after contact was lost and an emergency was declared later that afternoon. The severe weather conditions significantly hampered initial rescue attempts.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

A Garuda Indonesia Fokker F28 overran the runway while landing in heavy rain at Radin Inten II Airport, resulting in the deaths of all 27 people on board. The aircraft touched down approximately 700 meters past the runway threshold, failed to stop on the water-covered surface, and plunged into a field before catching fire.

Weather

Widerøe Flight 933 crashed into the Barents Sea near Mehamn during a scheduled flight in severe clear-air turbulence. The accident resulted in the loss of all 15 people on board and became one of Norway's most controversial aviation mysteries due to allegations of a collision with a NATO fighter jet.

Structural Failure

Japan Air Lines Flight 350 crashed into Tokyo Bay during its final approach to Haneda Airport after the captain deliberately attempted to crash the aircraft. At an altitude of 164 feet, Captain Seiji Katagiri disengaged the autopilot, pushed the nose down, and engaged the inboard engine thrust reversers. Despite the first officer and flight engineer physically struggling to regain control and cancel the reverse thrust, the aircraft struck shallow water 510 meters short of the runway. The investigation revealed that the captain suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and had experienced auditory hallucinations during the flight, leading to a ruling of not guilty by reason of insanity. Of the 174 people on board (166 passengers and 8 crew), 24 passengers were killed.

Pilot Error

A Republic of Korea Air Force Fairchild C-123J Provider crashed into the slopes of Mount Halla during a training mission in heavy fog and rain. The aircraft was carrying members of the elite 707th Special Mission Battalion for a security operation known as Operation Phoenix. All 53 personnel on board were killed when the aircraft struck the dormant volcano while on approach to Jeju International Airport.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

A French Air Force Nord 2501 Noratlas crashed into the slopes of Mount Garbi during a paratrooper training mission, killing all 36 personnel on board. The aircraft was operating a local flight from Djibouti City when it struck the 1,700-meter-high mountain located northwest of Lake Assal. The impact completely destroyed the aircraft, resulting in the deaths of five crew members and 31 passengers, including members of the French Foreign Legion's 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (2e REP) and a Navy commando.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

World Airways Flight 30 overran Runway 15R at Boston-Logan International Airport during an ice storm, sliding into the frigid waters of Boston Harbor. The aircraft's nose section separated upon impact, causing several occupants to be ejected into the water. While 210 people were rescued, two passengers were not accounted for until three days later when it was discovered they had joined the flight at the last minute and were not on the manifest. The investigation cited a combination of excessive approach speed, poor runway maintenance, and the failure of air traffic control to relay critical braking action reports from previous flights.

Human Factors (Operational)

Four Northrop T-38A Talons of the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds demonstration team crashed into the Nevada desert during a practice session, killing all four pilots. The aircraft were performing a four-plane line abreast loop and failed to recover from the descending portion of the maneuver, striking the ground at high speed in a diamond formation. The official Air Force investigation concluded that a jammed horizontal stabilizer on the lead aircraft prevented the flight leader from pulling up, while the three wingmen, following standard formation procedures, maintained their positions relative to the leader until impact.

Mechanical Failure · Multi-aircraft

Air Florida Flight 90 stalled and crashed into the 14th Street Bridge and the icy Potomac River shortly after takeoff from Washington National Airport. The crash resulted from the flight crew's failure to use engine anti-ice systems, which led to erroneous engine pressure ratio (EPR) readings and a significant thrust shortfall. The aircraft, contaminated by snow and ice, failed to achieve sufficient lift, striking seven vehicles on the bridge and killing four motorists before plunging into the river.

Pilot Error

Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308 was a charter flight that crashed into Mont San-Pietro during its approach to Ajaccio, Corsica, killing all 180 people on board. The accident was the first major crash involving the MD-80 series. The investigation revealed a fatal misunderstanding between the flight crew and air traffic control regarding the aircraft's position and descent clearance in mountainous terrain without radar coverage.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

Air India Flight 224 was caught in the crossfire of a failed coup attempt while landing for a scheduled refueling stop at Seychelles International Airport. A group of 44 mercenaries, led by Mike Hoare and posing as a drinking club called 'Ye Ancient Order of Froth Blowers', had been discovered by customs upon arrival that evening, leading to a six-hour gun battle. Despite the airport being under fire and the runway being partially blocked by trucks, the aircraft landed safely. The mercenaries subsequently hijacked the Boeing 707 to escape the island, forcing the crew to fly them to Durban, South Africa.

Security / Sabotage

Aeroflot Flight 3603 crashed approximately 470 meters short of the runway at Norilsk Airport during a night approach in low visibility. The aircraft was significantly overweight and its center of gravity was beyond the forward limit, a condition exacerbated by incorrect passenger weight calculations at departure. These factors led to an excessive sink rate that the crew could not counter with elevator authority, resulting in a high-speed impact with a mound and subsequent slide across frozen terrain.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

Aeroméxico Flight 110 crashed into the Sierra de Guerrero mountains during an emergency descent following a cabin depressurization. The aircraft was en route from Acapulco to Guadalajara when the crew reported the loss of pressure at 31,000 feet. While attempting to return to Acapulco, the pilots failed to follow approved emergency procedures, leading the aircraft to strike a mountain at an altitude of approximately 6,000 feet. All 18 people on board were killed.

Pilot Error

NLM CityHopper Flight 431 disintegrated in mid-air after flying into a tornado shortly after departure from Rotterdam. The aircraft encountered extreme turbulence that generated loads far exceeding its structural design limits, causing the starboard wing to separate. The aircraft spun to the ground and impacted a railway bridge near Moerdijk, killing all 17 occupants (13 passengers and 4 crew). A firefighter on the ground also died from a cardiac arrest while witnessing the event, bringing the total death toll associated with the accident to 18.

Weather

A Lockheed C-130H Hercules carrying high-ranking Iranian military leaders and wounded soldiers crashed into a firing range near Kahrizak during a flight to Tehran. The accident resulted in 80 fatalities, including all 60 occupants on board and 20 people on the ground. The flight was returning from Ahvaz following the successful Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh, which broke the Siege of Abadan during the Iran-Iraq War. The crash resulted in the deaths of the Iranian Defence Minister, the former Defence Minister, and several top commanders of the regular military and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Unknown

Indian Airlines Flight 423 was hijacked by five Sikh militants of the Dal Khalsa organization while en route from Delhi to Amritsar. The hijackers, armed with daggers and a hand grenade, forced the Boeing 737 to land at Lahore Airport in Pakistan. They demanded the release of militant leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and 500,000 USD in cash. Following a request from the Indian government, Pakistani Special Service Group (SSG) commandos stormed the aircraft on September 30, 1981, successfully apprehending the hijackers and releasing all 111 passengers and 6 crew members without fatalities.

Security / Sabotage

Eastern Air Lines Flight 935 suffered a catastrophic uncontained failure of its number 2 (tail-mounted) engine while climbing through 10,000 feet. The failure severed three of the aircraft's four independent hydraulic systems, leaving the crew with severely degraded flight controls. Despite the loss of systems A, B, and D, the pilots successfully performed an emergency landing at John F. Kennedy International Airport using the remaining hydraulic system, differential engine thrust, and limited flight control surfaces. All 201 occupants survived without injury.

Engine Failure

Aeropesca Colombia Flight 221, operated by a Vickers Viscount 745D, crashed into Mount Matiqui while en route from Florencia to Neiva. The aircraft struck the mountain at an elevation of approximately 9,000 feet, resulting in the deaths of all 50 people on board. The investigation determined that the flight crew continued to operate under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) despite encountering meteorological conditions that were below the legal minimums for the route.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

Aeroflot Flight 811, an Antonov An-24RV, collided mid-air with a Soviet Air Force Tupolev Tu-16K strategic bomber at an altitude of 5,220 meters. The collision occurred due to poor coordination between military and civilian air traffic controllers and a failure by the military flight director to use radar to track the bombers. Both aircraft disintegrated, but one passenger, Larisa Savitskaya, survived a 5.2-kilometer fall inside a fragment of the An-24's fuselage that glided into a swampy glade. The Soviet government suppressed news of the accident for two decades, initially claiming Savitskaya had crashed in a homemade glider.

Mid-air Collision · Multi-aircraft