Operation
1982-FEB-05 · Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea

Republic of Korea Air Force — Flight Operation Phoenix

A Republic of Korea Air Force Fairchild C-123J Provider crashed into the slopes of Mount Halla during a training mission in heavy fog and rain. The aircraft was carrying members of the elite 707th Special Mission Battalion for a security operation known as Operation Phoenix. All 53 personnel on board were killed when the aircraft struck the dormant volcano while on approach to Jeju International Airport.

Aircraft
Fairchild C-123J Provider
Registration
Phase
Approach
Cause
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)
Souls on Board
53
Fatalities
53
Origin → Dest
? → Jeju International Airport
Report
Final

Investigation Summary

The accident occurred during a high-stakes military deployment. The 47 army passengers were members of the 707th Special Mission Battalion, an elite counter-terrorism unit, who were being transported to Jeju Island to provide security for a presidential visit. The flight encountered severe weather conditions, including low visibility and heavy precipitation, which are common around the high elevations of Mount Halla. The aircraft, a Fairchild C-123J Provider, was a variant of the transport plane equipped with two auxiliary jet engines to supplement its radial engines. While on approach to Jeju International Airport, the crew lost situational awareness regarding their proximity to the terrain. The aircraft impacted the northern slope of the mountain. The crash remains the deadliest single event in the history of the South Korean special forces.

Final Conclusions

The investigation concluded that the primary cause was Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). The flight crew attempted to navigate an approach in weather conditions that exceeded the operational limits of the aircraft's equipment and their own visual capabilities. The combination of mountainous terrain and poor visibility led to the aircraft striking the volcano before reaching the airport.

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Fairchild C-123J Propulsion

This variant utilized two radial engines and two auxiliary jet engines for increased takeoff performance.

i

Terrain Awareness

The aircraft lacked modern Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS), contributing to the crew's inability to detect the rising terrain in low visibility.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The accident is the fourth-worst aviation disaster in South Korean history.
  • 02All 47 passengers were members of the elite 707th Special Mission Battalion.
  • 03The mission was part of a security detail for a visit by President Chun Doo-hwan.
  • 04The crash site was located near the summit of Mount Halla, a dormant volcano and the highest peak in South Korea.
  • 05The aircraft involved was a Fairchild C-123J, a specialized variant featuring auxiliary wing-tip jet engines.

Safety Actions & Advisories

Memorialization and Unit Awareness

While specific ROKAF regulatory changes following the 1982 crash are not publicly documented in available records, the 707th Special Mission Battalion maintains a memorial for the 53 victims. This serves as a permanent institutional reminder of the risks associated with low-altitude tactical transport in adverse weather.

Location

Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea · 33.3919, 126.5370

Case File History

  1. CorrectionUpdated safety actions and event timeline.

Related Cases

Case ID · rok-c123-1982Last updated · Filed

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