401
1965-MAY-05 · Los Rodeos Airport, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Iberia Airlines — Flight 401

Iberia Flight 401 crashed during a missed approach in heavy fog at Los Rodeos Airport after the aircraft struck ground vehicles near the runway. Despite being informed that visibility was below minimums, the pilot attempted multiple approaches. During a go-around from the second attempt, the aircraft collided with a scraper, a tractor, and a minivan, sustaining damage that prevented it from climbing and leading to a final impact in a nearby gorge.

Aircraft
Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation
Registration
EC-AIN
Phase
Landing
Cause
Pilot Error
Souls on Board
49
Fatalities
30
Origin → Dest
Madrid International Airport, Spain → Los Rodeos Airport, Tenerife, Canary Islands
Report
Final report

Investigation Summary

The flight was a domestic service from Madrid to Tenerife operated by a Lockheed Super Constellation named 'Santa Maria'. Upon arrival at Tenerife, the crew encountered dense fog with visibility reported between 100 and 500 meters, well below the authorized landing minimums. The pilot conducted an initial low pass at 21:06 and initiated a go-around. During the second attempt at 21:17, the pilot briefly sighted the runway threshold but lost visual contact with the remainder of the strip due to a bar of stratus clouds. The pilot decided to abort the landing and applied full power for another go-around. However, during the transition to a climb, the aircraft remained low enough to strike a scraper, a tractor, and a minivan located roughly 50 metres from the runway edge. The collision, involving the undercarriage and the lower aft fuselage, caused significant structural damage. The Constellation was unable to gain altitude, crashed into the western edge of the Los Rodeos gorge, slid 100 metres through farmland, and burst into flames.

Final Conclusions

The post-accident investigation determined the primary cause to be the pilot's decision to attempt a landing in weather conditions that were below established safety minimums. The inquiry concluded that the pilot should have diverted to the alternate airport at Las Palmas once it became clear that visibility at Los Rodeos was insufficient for a safe approach.

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Crew Experience

Captain

Total hours
12,947
On type
4,110

Fatal

Copilot

Total hours
7,802
On type
350

Fatal

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Visual Approach Minimums

Regulatory limits defining the minimum visibility required for a pilot to attempt a landing; these were exceeded during the accident sequence.

i

Powerplant

The pilot applied full power to the four engines during the go-around, but the aircraft could not climb after striking ground equipment.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was a Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation named Santa Maria, in service since 1954.
  • 02Visibility at the time was 100 to 500 meters, with 6/8 stratus clouds at 0 to 30 meters altitude.
  • 03The aircraft struck a scraper and a tractor located 50 meters from the runway edge during a go-around attempt.
  • 04The collision involved the aircraft's undercarriage and the lower aft part of the fuselage.
  • 05There were 19 survivors among the 49 people on board; 30 people perished in the crash and subsequent fire.

Safety Actions & Advisories

Diversion Policy Reinforcement

Source ↗

The investigation emphasized the necessity of diverting to alternates when destination weather is below minimums, rather than attempting multiple hazardous approaches. The inquiry specifically noted that the pilot should have diverted to Las Palmas once it was clear visibility was insufficient.

Location

Los Rodeos Airport, Tenerife, Canary Islands · 28.4833, -16.3347

Case File History

  1. CorrectionUpdated investigation summary and safety actions.
  2. New evidenceUpdated investigation summary, event timeline and findings.

Related Cases

Case ID · iberia-401-1965Last updated · Filed

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