663
1963-AUG-24 · Near Gegechkori, Georgian SSR

Aeroflot — Flight 663

Aeroflot Flight 663 crashed into a mountainside near Gegechkori after the crew attempted to bypass a severe thunderstorm at an unsafe altitude. The aircraft, an Avia 14M, deviated from its planned route into mountainous terrain while operating under visual flight rules in instrument meteorological conditions. Investigators determined that the crew was not informed of deteriorating weather conditions or the fact that previous flights had diverted to a safer coastal route. The accident was further compounded by air traffic control errors and significant controller fatigue, as the duty dispatcher had been working for 14 consecutive hours.

Aircraft
Avia 14M (Ilyushin Il-14M)
Registration
CCCP-61617
Phase
Cruise
Cause
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)
Souls on Board
32
Fatalities
32
Origin → Dest
Tbilisi International Airport, Georgian SSR → Krasnodar International Airport, RSFSR
Report
Final report

Investigation Summary

Flight 663 departed Kutaisi at 10:45 for the second leg of its journey to Krasnodar. Shortly after takeoff, the crew encountered a severe thunderstorm with cloud bases dropping to 300 to 400 meters and visibility falling below 3 kilometers. Rather than returning to Kutaisi or taking the established 'roundabout' route via Poti, the Captain attempted to navigate around the storm cells by turning right toward the mountains. At 10:52, the radio operator reported flying at 900 meters in heavy rain. One minute later, the aircraft struck a mountainside at that same altitude, 32 kilometers northwest of Kutaisi. Post-crash recovery efforts revealed 32 bodies, including three stowaways who were not listed on the official manifest of 24 passengers and 5 crew members.

Final Conclusions

The commission concluded the crash was a result of Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) driven by poor operational discipline and air traffic control failures. Key findings included the controllers' decision to authorize a visual flight at 1,500 meters despite known poor weather in mountainous terrain and their failure to relay a critical weather update showing cloud cover had dropped to 450 meters. The Pilot-in-Command was found at fault for continuing visual flight below the safe altitude in IMC. Additionally, the investigation highlighted systemic management failures at Kutaisi Airport, where the night shift controller was forced to remain on duty for 14 hours due to the unauthorized absence of the day shift replacement, leading to significant controller fatigue.

Photographic Evidence (1)

Ilyushin Il-14 of Aeroflot at Arlanda Airport
© Lars Söderström · Wikimedia Commons

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Airframe & Maintenance

Airframe Hours
11,682

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

The flight was cleared to proceed visually at 1,500 meters, but the crew continued to fly visually after entering clouds and heavy rain, leading to a loss of situational awareness regarding terrain.

i

Air Traffic Control (ATC)

The Kutaisi controllers failed to prohibit the departure or provide updated meteorological data to the crew, and authorized an altitude that was unsafe given the local cloud ceiling.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was an Avia 14M, a Czechoslovakian-built version of the Ilyushin Il-14.
  • 02The flight manifest listed 29 people, but 32 bodies were recovered, confirming three stowaways were on board.
  • 03The air traffic controller on duty had been working for 14 hours due to a delayed shift change.
  • 04A flight departing earlier had reported the main route was impassable and diverted via Poti, but this information was not given to Flight 663.
  • 05The aircraft struck the mountain at an altitude of 900 meters while the crew was attempting to bypass a thunderstorm.

Safety Actions & Advisories

Shift Management Reform

The investigation criticized the deputy head of Kutaisi airport for allowing shift irregularities that led to extreme controller fatigue.

Location

Near Gegechkori, Georgian SSR · 42.4667, 42.4000

Case File History

  1. Final reportUpdated event timeline and final conclusions.
  2. Final reportUpdated event timeline and final conclusions.

Related Cases

Case ID · aeroflot-663-1963Last updated · Filed

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