NW706
1961-SEP-17 · Chicago-O'Hare, Illinois

Northwest Orient Airlines — Flight NW706

Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706 crashed shortly after takeoff from Chicago-O'Hare International Airport when the aircraft entered an uncontrollable right bank. The Lockheed L-188C Electra reached an altitude of approximately 200 to 300 feet before striking power lines and a railroad embankment, cartwheeling into the ground. All 37 people on board were killed. The investigation revealed that a mechanical failure in the aileron boost assembly, caused by improper maintenance, prevented the pilots from correcting the roll.

Aircraft
Lockheed L-188C Electra
Registration
N137US
Phase
Takeoff
Cause
Mechanical Failure
Souls on Board
37
Fatalities
37
Origin → Dest
Milwaukee-General Mitchell Airport, WI → Tampa International Airport, FL
Report
Final report

Investigation Summary

Flight 706 was a multi-stop service from Milwaukee to Miami. During the second leg's departure from Chicago, the aircraft performed a running takeoff from runway 14R. Witnesses noted the climb was slightly shallower than normal for an Electra. At the 8,000-foot runway marker, while at an altitude of approximately 100 feet, the aircraft began a coordinated right turn that quickly developed into a steep bank. The crew managed a brief, garbled radio transmission before the aircraft lost altitude. The right wing struck power lines near the Chicago Northwestern Railroad tracks at a 70-degree angle. The aircraft then impacted a railroad embankment while banked at 85 degrees, cartwheeling and disintegrating over a 1,200-foot path. Investigators focused on the aileron primary control system, specifically the aileron boost assembly. They discovered that the input linkage to the aileron boost unit had disconnected because a critical bolt and safety wire, which had been removed during maintenance two months prior, were not properly reinstalled. This disconnection caused the ailerons to move to a full starboard-wing-down position, which the pilots could not override.

Final Conclusions

The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) determined the probable cause was a mechanical failure in the aileron primary control system. This failure was traced to the improper replacement of the aileron boost assembly. The malfunction resulted in a total loss of lateral control at an altitude too low for the crew to recover the aircraft.

Photographic Evidence (1)

Taken at Spokane (GEG), WA, USA
© Ken Fielding · Wikimedia Commons

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Airframe & Maintenance

Airframe Hours
614
Cycles
1,142

Crew Experience

Captain

Total hours
15,898
On type
314

First Officer

Total hours
6,643
On type
90

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Aileron Boost Assembly

A hydraulic unit designed to assist the pilot in moving the ailerons; its failure due to improper maintenance led to the loss of lateral control.

i

Aileron Primary Control System

The mechanical and hydraulic linkage responsible for controlling the aircraft's roll.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was delivered in May 1959, making it approximately 28 months old at the time of the accident.
  • 02The crash occurred approximately 3,800 feet to the right of the end of runway 14R.
  • 03The impact occurred at a bank angle of approximately 85 degrees and a nose-down attitude of 10 degrees.
  • 04The wreckage was strewn over an area 200 feet wide and 1,200 feet long.

Safety Actions & Advisories

Maintenance Procedure Review

The accident highlighted critical risks in the replacement procedures for aileron boost assemblies, leading to stricter oversight of primary flight control maintenance.

Location

Chicago-O'Hare, Illinois · 41.9606, -87.9190

Case File History

  1. Status changeUpdated report status, investigation summary and findings.

Related Cases

Case ID · northwest-706-1961Last updated · Filed

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