Military Action
A civil aircraft was hit by military weapons or damaged in an armed conflict, including misidentification by air defences.
These occurrences fall under the same ICAO framework as any other accident, but access to the wreckage, the recorders and the relevant military data usually depends on state cooperation, and attribution can be contested for years.
Case files here report what the investigating authority concluded and attribute disputed points explicitly rather than adjudicating them.
Related terms
Deliberate unlawful interference: a bomb, a hijacking, or an act by someone aboard. The investigation is criminal as well as technical.
No cause has been established yet. Anything published before the final report is provisional, including the widely repeated early theories.