Aviation Accident Summary Archive

Formosa Airlines Flight 7601 crashed into a military water tower on Jade Hill during a go-around at Matsu Beigan Airport, killing all 16 people on board. The aircraft was attempting to land in rain and high winds when the crew missed the first approach. During the subsequent go-around procedure, the pilot mistakenly turned right instead of left, veering away from the prescribed flight path and into high terrain. Although it was raining, visibility was reported at 6,000 meters, leading investigators to focus on pilot error and the lack of radar facilities at the airport as primary factors.

Pilot Error

Fine Air Flight 101, a DC-8 cargo freighter, crashed shortly after takeoff from Miami International Airport due to a severe misloading of cargo that resulted in an extreme aft center of gravity. The aircraft pitched up uncontrollably upon rotation, entered a series of stalls, and impacted a commercial area west of the airport. The investigation revealed that the ground handling agent, Aeromar, loaded the aircraft using a weight distribution form for a different airplane and failed to account for the weight of pallets and netting. The resulting center of gravity was at or beyond the aft limit, and the stabilizer trim was mis-set based on incorrect dispatch paperwork, rendering the aircraft nearly impossible to control at low altitude. All four occupants of the aircraft were killed, along with one person on the ground.

Human Factors (Operational)

Korean Air Flight 801 crashed into Nimitz Hill, approximately 3 miles southwest of the runway, during a non-precision approach to Guam. The flight crew was attempting to land in heavy rain and reduced visibility while the Instrument Landing System (ILS) glideslope was out of service. Despite the glideslope being unusable, the captain became confused by spurious signals and descended below the minimum descent altitude, striking high terrain.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

FedEx Express Flight 14, a multi-leg international cargo service originating in Singapore with stops in Penang, Taipei, and Anchorage, crashed and flipped inverted during a landing attempt at Newark International Airport. A series of unstable control inputs led to a high-energy bounce. Despite the aircraft being destroyed by a post-crash fire, all five occupants successfully evacuated through a cockpit window. The investigation highlighted the captain's over-control of the aircraft during the flare and his failure to initiate a go-around after the initial bounce. The accident is frequently cited alongside FedEx Flight 80 as a demonstration of the MD-11's sensitivity to bounced landings and the potential for structural failure of the wing spars during high-load roll events on touchdown.

Pilot Error

Air Littoral Flight 701A overran the runway at Florence-Peretola Airport after the crew conducted an unstable, high-speed approach and failed to initiate a go-around. The aircraft crashed through the perimeter fence and came to rest in a ditch adjacent to the A11 motorway. While all 14 passengers survived the initial impact, the cockpit was destroyed, and the instructor captain died from his injuries four days later.

Pilot Error

A passenger was killed after an improvised explosive device detonated under a seat during a domestic flight, blowing a hole in the fuselage and causing the victim to be ejected from the aircraft. The Fokker 100 was climbing through 8,000 feet (FL080) when the blast occurred beneath seat 18D. Despite the sudden decompression and significant structural damage, the flight crew successfully performed an emergency landing at Sao Paulo-Congonhas Airport. The primary suspect, a university professor, was never tried due to permanent cognitive impairment sustained in a bus accident shortly after the bombing.

Security / Sabotage

China Southern Airlines Flight 3456 crashed during a second landing attempt in a severe thunderstorm at Shenzhen Huangtian Airport. After a botched first landing attempt resulted in three violent bounces and significant structural damage, the crew executed a go-around. During the second approach, the crippled aircraft became uncontrollable due to hydraulic failure and structural deformation, impacting the runway at high speed, breaking into three sections, and catching fire.

Pilot Error

Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 106 crashed into a coconut plantation during its final approach to Buluh Tumbang Airport, resulting in 15 fatalities. While descending through 2,000 feet, the aircraft experienced a sudden loss of control, entering a steep left bank of approximately 80 degrees. The aircraft struck the ground nose-first and broke into three sections. Post-crash investigation revealed that the left engine had failed and its propeller was found in the feathered position, though the specific reason for the failure was not determined.

Engine Failure

A ground crew member acting as the Dispatch Agent was fatally injured when he was run over by the nose wheel of a Lockheed L-1011 during a pull-forward maneuver at John F. Kennedy International Airport. The accident occurred as the aircraft was being aligned with the taxiway centerline following pushback from the gate. The Dispatch Agent had moved toward the tow bar to retrieve a disconnected headset cord while the aircraft was still in motion, placing himself in the path of the nose gear. The NTSB determined that the ground crew member failed to identify and avoid a hazardous condition, and noted that the airline's ground operations manual lacked adequate safety information regarding positioning during pull-forward operations.

Human Factors (Operational)

Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia Flight 1023 suffered a catastrophic mid-air breakup when its tail section detached while cruising at 6,000 metres. The aircraft entered a steep nosedive and crashed into a forest near Cherkessk, killing all 50 people on board. Investigators determined that the primary cause was massive, undetected corrosion in the rear fuselage beneath the lavatory and pantry areas. This corrosion had been severely exacerbated by the aircraft's previous long-term operation in the humid climates of Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, combined with inadequate maintenance and inspection oversight by the airline.

Structural Failure

Two Israeli Air Force CH-53 (Yas'ur 2000) transport helicopters collided in mid-air over northern Israel while ferrying troops to outposts in southern Lebanon. The collision occurred at night under poor weather conditions, though visibility had reportedly improved shortly before takeoff. One helicopter crashed into a bungalow in the moshav of She'ar Yashuv, while the other fell into a nearby kibbutz cemetery. All 73 military personnel on board both aircraft were killed. The disaster remains the deadliest aviation accident in the history of the Israel Defense Forces and became a pivotal moment in the public debate regarding Israel's presence in Lebanon.

Human Factors (Operational) · Multi-aircraft

Comair Flight 3272 crashed during approach to Detroit after accumulating a thin, rough layer of ice on its wings, leading to an uncommanded roll and stall. The investigation revealed that the crew was operating at airspeeds below the safe threshold for icing conditions, partly due to outdated company procedures and the FAA's failure to mandate updated minimum airspeeds. The aircraft entered a violent roll excursion from which the pilots could not recover, impacting a rural field in a steep nose-down attitude.

Human Factors (Operational)

On Christmas Eve 1996, a Learjet 35A crashed into rising terrain near Smarts Mountain during a VOR approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport. The aircraft disappeared in foggy, rainy conditions, triggering the longest missing aircraft search in New Hampshire history, which lasted nearly three years. The NTSB determined that the crew lost situational awareness, misidentified a step-down fix, and descended prematurely while significantly off course. The accident led to federal legislation mandating 406MHz emergency locator transmitters (ELTs) on all U.S. registered business jets, as the accident aircraft was not equipped with a beacon.

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

A Douglas DC-8-63 freighter crashed into mountainous terrain during a post-maintenance functional evaluation flight after the crew failed to recover from a deliberate aerodynamic stall. The 'round-robin' flight originated from Greensboro and was intended to return there after testing systems following a major 'D' check. During the test, the stick shaker failed to activate, and the aircraft entered a real stall earlier than expected due to atmospheric icing. The pilot flying applied inappropriate control inputs, including pulling back on the yoke during the recovery attempt, while the pilot in command failed to intervene. A compressor stall on the number 2 engine further distracted the crew, leading to a total loss of control in night instrument meteorological conditions.

Pilot Error

Dirgantara Air Service Flight 5940 crashed into an industrial gas plant shortly after takeoff from Banjarmasin following a right engine failure and fire. The crew reported the emergency to air traffic control but mistakenly stated the functioning engine was the one with the issue. During an attempt to return to the airport for an emergency landing, the pilots lost control of the aircraft, which became unstable and rolled before crashing into the PT. Barox Utama Jaya factory. The accident resulted in 19 fatalities, including 16 occupants of the aircraft and three workers on the ground or who died later in the hospital.

Pilot Error

Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was hijacked by three men seeking asylum in Australia. Despite the captain's warnings that the aircraft lacked sufficient fuel for the journey, the hijackers forced the plane to fly toward Australia. The aircraft eventually suffered total fuel exhaustion and ditched in the Indian Ocean near the Comoros Islands. The crash was famously captured on video by tourists on a nearby beach.

Security / Sabotage

A United Express Beechcraft 1900C collided with a Beechcraft King Air A90 at the intersection of Runway 13 and Runway 04 at the non-towered Quincy Regional Airport. The King Air began its takeoff roll on Runway 04 just as the United Express flight was completing its landing roll on Runway 13. Although all 12 occupants of the United Express flight survived the initial impact, they were unable to evacuate because the main cabin door jammed, and they subsequently died of smoke inhalation. Both occupants of the King Air also perished.

Human Factors (Operational) · Multi-aircraft

The deadliest mid-air collision in aviation history occurred when Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 descended below its assigned altitude and struck Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763.

Pilot Error · Multi-aircraft

ADC Airlines Flight 086 crashed into the Lagos Lagoon after the crew lost control of the aircraft while performing an evasive maneuver to avoid a mid-air collision. During the approach to Lagos, air traffic control errors placed the Boeing 727 on a collision course with another aircraft. While attempting to avoid the traffic, the pilot executed an extreme bank that led to an upset and high-speed inverted impact with the water.

Human Factors (Operational)

TAM Flight 402 crashed into a residential neighborhood seconds after takeoff from Congonhas Airport following an uncommanded deployment of the right engine thrust reverser. The aircraft's safety system attempted to retard the throttle to idle to compensate for the reverse thrust, but the flight crew, misinterpreting the movement as a mechanical failure of the autothrottle, repeatedly forced the throttle forward. This physical struggle caused a safety cable to snap, allowing the engine to reach full power while in reverse. The resulting extreme asymmetrical thrust caused a violent roll to the right, leading to a loss of control and the deaths of all 95 people on board and 4 people on the ground.

Mechanical Failure

A Millon Air Boeing 707 cargo freighter crashed into a residential neighborhood shortly after takeoff from Manta, Ecuador, following an engine failure. The aircraft struck a church bell tower before exploding in a densely populated area, killing all four occupants and between 23 and 30 people on the ground.

Engine Failure

Aeroperú Flight 603 crashed into the Pacific Ocean after maintenance workers failed to remove adhesive tape covering the aircraft's static ports. The blockage caused the air data computers to provide contradictory and erroneous airspeed and altitude information to the flight crew. Flying at night over water with no visual references, the pilots became overwhelmed by a series of conflicting emergency warnings, including overspeed and stall alerts. The crew eventually flew the aircraft into the water while believing they were at a safe altitude.

Human Factors (Maintenance)

A Douglas DC-3C operated by the Dutch Dakota Association crashed into the mudflats of the Wadden Sea following a catastrophic engine failure. During a domestic flight from Texel to Amsterdam, the left engine failed, and the crew was unable to feather the propeller. The resulting excessive drag, combined with the crew's lack of proficiency in emergency procedures for this aircraft type, led to a loss of control and the death of everyone on board.

Mechanical Failure

A FedEx DC-10 cargo aircraft was destroyed by fire after an emergency landing at Stewart International Airport following a smoke alarm in the main deck cargo compartment. While cruising at 33,000 feet, the crew received multiple smoke warnings and observed smoke entering the cockpit. They performed an emergency descent and landed successfully, but the fire intensified on the ground, eventually burning through the fuselage and causing the tail section to separate. All five occupants evacuated safely, though the aircraft was a total loss.

In-flight Fire