2415
1989-DEC-26 · Pasco, Washington

United Express (North Pacific Airlines) — Flight 2415

United Express Flight 2415 crashed during an unstabilized ILS approach to Tri-Cities Airport, resulting in the deaths of all six people on board. The aircraft was positioned by air traffic control at an excessively high altitude and short distance from the runway, requiring a steep descent. During the attempt to capture the glidepath at low speed, the aircraft likely suffered a horizontal stabilizer stall exacerbated by ice accumulation on the airframe.

Aircraft
British Aerospace 3101 Jetstream 31
Registration
N410UE
Phase
Cause
Souls on Board
6
Fatalities
6
Origin → Dest
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, WA → Tri-Cities Airport, WA
Report

Investigation Summary

The flight originated in Seattle and made an intermediate stop in Yakima. During the stop at Yakima, the crew observed ice on the wings and manually cleared some of it, but the captain twice declined professional deicing services for the wings and tail. Upon departure for Pasco, the aircraft encountered further icing conditions. During the approach to Pasco, air traffic controllers provided vectors that placed the aircraft inside the outer marker while it was still significantly above the glideslope. To compensate, the crew initiated a rapid descent of 2,000 to 3,000 feet per minute at a 7-degree glidepath, more than double the standard angle. As the aircraft slowed to 110 knots to configure for landing, the combination of the steep pitch angle, low speed, and ice-contaminated tailplane led to an aerodynamic stall and a sudden nose-down pitch from which the crew could not recover.

Final Conclusions

The NTSB determined the probable cause was the flightcrew's decision to continue an unstabilized instrument landing system approach that led to a stall, most likely of the horizontal stabilizer, and loss of control at low altitude. Contributing factors included improper air traffic control vectors and the accumulation of airframe ice that degraded aerodynamic performance.

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Airframe & Maintenance

Airframe Hours
4,972
Cycles
7,168
Engines
Garrett TPE331-10UG-514H

Crew Experience

Captain

Total hours
6,600
On type
670

Barry W. Roberts, age 38.

First Officer

Total hours
2,792
On type
213

Douglas K. McInroe, age 25.

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Horizontal Stabilizer

The tail surface responsible for longitudinal stability; investigators believe ice on this surface caused a tailplane stall during the steep descent.

i

Instrument Landing System (ILS)

A precision approach system; the crew attempted to capture the ILS glideslope from an unstabilized, high-altitude position.

i

Deicing System

The aircraft encountered icing in flight, and the crew's failure to use ground deicing at Yakima left residual ice on the tail surfaces.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was not equipped with a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) or Flight Data Recorder (FDR).
  • 02The aircraft was not equipped with a Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS).
  • 03The captain declined deicing services at Yakima despite other departing flights utilizing them.
  • 04The aircraft was flying at a 7-degree glidepath, more than twice the standard 3-degree ILS angle.
  • 05The investigation concluded the horizontal stabilizer likely stalled due to ice and high descent rates.
  • 06The aircraft was manufactured in October 1987, making it approximately two years old at the time of the accident.

Safety Actions & Advisories

NTSB Safety Recommendations

The NTSB issued recommendations A-92-59 through -65 and A-94-70 through -72 regarding icing procedures and pilot training for the Jetstream 31.

Location

Pasco, Washington · 46.2710, -119.1110

Case File History

  1. New evidenceUpdated findings.
  2. New evidenceUpdated event timeline and findings.

Related Cases

Case ID · united-express-2415-1989Last updated · Filed

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