232
1957-JUN-14 · 4.5 km northeast of Moscow Vnukovo Airport, Soviet Union

LOT Polish Airlines — Flight 232

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 232 crashed during an instrument approach to Moscow Vnukovo Airport in severe weather, resulting in the deaths of nine of the 13 people on board. The investigation determined that the flight crew failed to follow the prescribed approach procedure for the airport, instead descending to an excessively low altitude. The aircraft struck the ground at high speed with engines operating at high power. Among the fatalities was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia.

Aircraft
Ilyushin Il-14P
Registration
SP-LNF
Phase
Cause
Souls on Board
13
Fatalities
9
Origin → Dest
Warsaw-Okęcie Airport, Poland → Moscow Vnukovo Airport, Soviet Union
Report

Investigation Summary

The flight from Warsaw was routine until it reached the vicinity of Moscow, where it encountered weather significantly worse than the forecasts provided at departure. The conditions included a very low ceiling, heavy turbulence, driving rain, and lightning. After passing Klimentievo at 400 meters, the crew reported seeing the ground and was cleared by Vnukovo Air Traffic Control to descend to 300 meters for an instrument approach. At 11:07 p.m. local time, the pilots acknowledged the clearance but subsequently deviated from the standard approach path. The aircraft impacted the terrain approximately 4.5 kilometers northeast of the airport at 11:10 p.m. Three American journalists who arrived at the scene shortly after the crash assisted in the rescue of the four survivors, including the sole surviving crew member, flight attendant Ewa Fedorowska. Among the fatalities was Sonomyn Luvsan, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia.

Final Conclusions

The investigation, conducted by Polish and Soviet experts and concluded on 20 June 1957, found that the aircraft was fully airworthy and the crew was properly experienced. The primary cause was the crew's application of an approach procedure other than that prescribed by Vnukovo Aerodrome, leading to flight at an excessively low altitude. Unforecasted severe weather conditions at night were cited as a significant contributing factor.

Video Analysis

No video analysis linked for this case file yet.

Airframe & Maintenance

Engines
Shvetsov ASh-82T

Systems & Failure Modes

i

Shvetsov ASh-82T Engines

The aircraft was powered by two of these radial engines, which were found to be functioning adequately and producing high power at impact.

i

Instrument Approach Procedure

The specific set of maneuvers prescribed by Vnukovo Aerodrome for landing in low visibility, which the crew failed to follow.

Interesting Facts

  • 01The aircraft was carrying 819 kg of mail and cargo in addition to passengers.
  • 02The engines were found to be operating at power levels exceeding usual operational settings at the moment of impact.
  • 03The weather forecast at both airports predicted better conditions than those actually encountered.
  • 04The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia was among the five passengers killed.
  • 05The investigation was completed just six days after the accident.

Location

4.5 km northeast of Moscow Vnukovo Airport, Soviet Union · 55.7500, 37.6167

Case File History

  1. CorrectionUpdated investigation summary and event timeline.
  2. CorrectionUpdated event timeline.

Related Cases

Case ID · lot232-1957Last updated · Filed

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